History of lotteries in Europe
From history it is known, that in the Genoese Republic in 1515. the Great Council was elected, and at the same time, after the votes were counted, 90 candidates. And to reduce their number to 5, a special draw was held.
History of lotteries in Europe
Here one cannot but recall Borges' amazing story called “Babylon lottery”. The work is not based on real events and is a fiction of the author. However, it touches on a very interesting problem. Borges emphasizes the idea that, that from simple entertainment the game of the lottery can turn into the main principle of the existence of society and the people living in it.
In the XVI in France, the state treasury was in an extremely difficult situation. And then King Francis found a very interesting way out.. He ordered to arrange an official lottery. An exciting game was played in the largest cities. There they put gambling wheels, of which people could deliver tickets. In the 19th century, lotteries were not organized in the country, and were only renewed in the 1930s.
And in Italy, state lottery draws began to be organized from the middle of the 19th century.. When the process of unification of the Italian state was successfully completed, the first nationwide lottery was held in the country, which was named Lotto.
In England, games like this have become common since the time of Elizabeth I. Then the kingdom faced serious financial problems. The circulation of lottery tickets was quite large. The winners received various amounts of money as a prize. The profit from the drawings went to the needs of the state, in particular, for the construction of ports. The British authorities organized such draws until 1826. Then the parliamentary opposition insisted on ending this practice.. But by this time, thanks to lotteries, it was possible to build an aqueduct in London., British museum, bridges and other important structures. The oldest game in the world today is held in the Netherlands. It was founded in 1726.
As for Spain, then the tradition of holding lottery games was brought here by King Charles. Known, that in the 60s. The first drawing of the national game La Primitiva took place in the 18th century. This lottery remains very popular today.. You can get information about her and a number of other modern lottery events from the article entitled European lotteries.
The initial draw of the Irish national lottery took place in 1930. Interesting to note, that the Irish game soon became popular in other countries (USA and Canada). Also in Ireland, draws were regularly organized, the proceeds from which went to medical charity.
History of lotteries in America
The first lottery draws took place even before, how the United States gained independence. At the beginning of the 17th century, the first draw was organized here, the purpose of which was to financially support the colony. We managed to collect the required amount in just a few days. In the future, the Americans regularly held lotteries to finance defense, social and other critical tasks.
History of lotteries in America
Often, private organizers were involved in organizing draws in America. State control was insufficient, and there are more cases of cheating. Therefore, for a certain period of time, lottery events in the United States even had to be banned.. Information about modern games in the USA is presented in a separate article American lotteries.
Sportloto 5 of 36
14 August 1976 the first draw of the new sports-number lottery with the formula "5 out of 36", dubbed "Saturday Sportloto". The cards from this lottery took part in the draw, which consisted of two draws, held weekly on Saturdays.
Lottery announcement 5 of 36 (first name "Saturday Sportloto") in the newspaper "Soviet Sport"
New circulation machines were put into operation - pneumotrons, in which the balls were mixed with a jet of compressed air. "Saturday Sport Lotto" was intended to finance the XXII Summer Olympic Games in Moscow in 1980 year. 36 Olympic sports were assigned conditional sports numbers.
Card "Saturday Sportloto", part "A". 13 and 14 circulation, 1970 year
Additional ball and other innovations
IN 1977 year, (from 37 circulation) in order to increase the popularity of the "6 out of 49" lottery, an additional bonus ball began to be drawn in it, increased the likelihood of winning the lottery. In August 1978 all numerical lotteries were transferred to non-redemption cards. The maximum winnings have been increased from 5 000 to 10 000 rubles. Draws of lotteries "6 out of 49" and "5 out of 36" (former "Saturday Sports Lottery") began to be held every Saturday, the drawing was held using a pneumotron.
In January 1981 there was another change in the conditions of the game, whose goal is to make it more fun, offer members more options for filling tickets. The "Sportloto" circulation was not carried out out of four, and from two draws: one for "6 of 49", another for "5 out of 36". The ticket itself has changed too, one more field was added in it, so that you can participate in two options (combinations)
Sportloto form 5 of 36, on 2 option
Taking into account the many wishes of the players, who asked to return to the old, mechanical method of mixing balls, from 1 january 1982 circulation machines were replaced. Draws started on two new lottery drums, producing the simultaneous extraction of five or six balls with winning numbers. In January 1985 they have been improved, and they began to extract the balls not all together, but in turn.
Most people don't know how to handle big money
Mikhail Semyonov, PhD in Psychology, docent, research interests - psychology of money and economic psychology:
Mikhail Semyonov. Photo: team-consult.ru
- According to statistics, order 70% lottery winners around the world are on the brink of bankruptcy within the next seven years after winning: thoughtless spending and inability to handle a huge amount of money affect.
Not everyone can use lottery winnings wisely. The more money, the more intelligent, and emotional effort must be invested in their conservation and rational use. A large amount is a resource, which must be protected from competing applicants for it: relatives, friends, crime. Example - the tale of the goldfish: having received a huge resource, no old man, no old woman could use it rationally.
Another problem is that after unexpected wealth, many lose touch with their previous environment., meet condemnation and even aggression. People envy them. This is one of the most important motives of human behavior., along with power. Many people want to get some of this money, and in case of refusal they take offense.
The vast majority of people do not know how to handle large (regarding past) money: nor earn, neither save, nor accumulate, nor is it reasonable to spend. Riding a bicycle and a truck are different things. Most people don't understand the difference between 1 million rubles, 100 millions or 1 billion. They all feel like a LOT. Well, of course, unearned money is valued less than earned. So winning the lottery for an ordinary person is primarily a risk.
The wife and parents were crying: "We don't need that kind of money"
Entrepreneur Albert Begarkyan from Kolpino won the lottery in 2011 100 million rubles, by matching six numbers from 45. From a rented apartment, together with his wife and daughters, he moved to a luxurious house in the center of St. Petersburg, bought several apartments and started a new business - building a hotel in Taman. But still there was not enough money - without paying the tax on winnings on time, a millionaire became a defendant in a criminal case.
The Begarkyan family moved to Russia in 2001 year. Lived hard. Albert told on the First Channel, that he worked without weekends and holidays. Accommodation rented, even there was no furniture. Children slept with jacks on the bed, and parents - on the floor. Then everything worked out: the entrepreneur has several pavilions, car service. He took up construction.
- IN 2011 year everything was reset. The pavilions had to be closed, construction site stopped. I didn't want to start all over again. I thought, that I will tax for now ... In Russia then for the first time they played 100 million rubles. From the first draw, I started buying one or two tickets - I hoped, what will I win, - recalled Albert Begarkyan in the program "Alone with everyone".
Albert missed the TV show with the winnings. Checked the ticket on the Internet. Surprise and joy were followed by tension - the ticket of the nameless, children at home. The whole country knows, that the win is in Kolpino. The millionaire was offered protection, but he himself took the ticket to the safe deposit box, and then to Moscow. His wife sewed him to the shirt from the inside, rode a hare, so that no one can track his movements.
- A woman, parents, sister cried - do not take the prize. We don't need that kind of money. They were afraid, - Albert said.
The first winner of the TV program was filmed in Moscow. Albert's phone was broken on the way home. People asked for money. He did not refuse to help many, because at one time he needed it himself.
Albert Begarkyan. Photo: 1tv.ru
- Many business plans offered. But I had a question not to earn, not to lose this money. Bought for everyone, what was needed: father - a car, my sister later renovated the apartment ... I bought housing, acquired a plot of land in Taman, started building a hotel ... I had to quickly get rid of the money. They oppressed.
Lottery winnings under Russian law are taxed in 13%. To 1 january 2018 year it had to be paid by the winner himself (now the state lotteries take it upon themselves). Albert Begarkyan immediately postponed 13 million, intended for the state - they were kept in the bank.
- I was told, that you can earn interest, and then pay tax. I spent the rest of the money - the site, hotel. At some point I lent a lot of money, more 12 million. And it was necessary either to stop the construction, or take from tax. The guys promised me, that in a month they will give everything, so I have withdrawn money from the account, - said Albert. - And then I heard on TV, that a criminal case was opened ... I paid a lot of interest, sold another apartment and paid.
To the question, is Albert Begarkyan waiting for a new win, he answers: “I don’t want big money. Further myself ". He calls his winnings a test.
- Winning the lottery is a great success. Big plus in life. But I think, that a person can break loose in such moments, become an alcoholic or drug addict - when he has everything or nothing. I got everything. It was hard to resist, - Albert argues.
History of lotteries in the USSR
According to the theory of communism, money is a relic of the past, therefore in 1918 a decree was issued prohibiting any gambling. But since funds were needed to solve social problems, after three years, lottery games were allowed again. Naturally, they were under strict state control. In the 50s, lotteries began to gain popularity. The winnings were impressive - home appliances, cars, apartments. There were also more modest gifts. – clock, cameras, bicycles and more.
History of lotteries in the USSR
Forced distribution of tickets was often practiced. They were given for change, distributed at work through trade unions, made it a burden when buying certain goods. No wonder phrases from a comedy “The Diamond Arm” became popularly winged. And then they organized the famous for the whole Union “Sportloto”, and millions of people froze in front of their screens, waiting for the results. Information about modern Russian draws is presented in the article titled Russian Lotteries.
Hopefully, you were interested in learning about the history of lotteries on different continents and at different times.
Funny stories of lottery winnings
IN 2005 one Englishman, living in Doncaster, purchased a ticket for the UK National Lottery (more - in the article of the lottery of Europe). This ticket won in the next draw 9,5 million pounds. But.. the lucky one never got in touch. While looking for him diligently - through the media, ads, even hired a special herald. Eventually, in accordance with the rules through 180 days the winnings were spent on charity. So lucky player, apparently, and did not know about the gift of fortune.
IN 2008 year in some Italian woman hit the jackpot in the amount of seventy-nine pounds. But I never got a prize. All because, that due to press reports, diverse groups and organizations stated, that she is simply obliged to spend funds for charity. Others said, that money should go to the budget (recall, what 2008 year - time of crisis, which seriously affected the Italian economy). Eventually, because of this noise, as well as possible claims for this money by the mafia, the woman gave up her attempts to win.
Now the story from Great Britain again. Husband and wife, people living in Hertfordshire won several million pounds. However, they lost the ticket. Eventually, they never managed to get even part of the winnings. Company - operator referred to the rule, according to which in case of loss of the ticket, tenderly declare this within a month. The spouses, hoping to find a lucky ticket, this time has been exceeded.
In conclusion, we will briefly give a number of stories:
– IN 1998 year on Michael Klinbel (Michael Klingebiel) sued by her own mother, with which he did not share two million, won in the lottery.- Evelyn Adams (Evelyn Adams) from New Jersey to 1985 and 86 years won 1 million seven hundred thousand and three million seven hundred thousand respectively. — $5,4 million dollars. For a couple of years, she lost every penny in the casino.- Ken Proxmayr (Ken Proxmire), from Michigan, machinist, won 1 million dollars. Having moved to another state, he opened a business selling cars. However, after a few years, he went bankrupt and eventually became a machinist again.- Willie Hert (Willie Hurt) from Michigan won over three million in 1989 year. He gave part of the funds to his wife, now the former. The main part went to cocaine. Eventually, after two years he didn't have a cent left, and he got it for murder.- IN 1993 Janit Lee (Janite Lee) hit the jackpot 18 million dollars $ in the Missouri lottery. She gave money to the poor, educational institutions, churches, benefactors and everything, who asked. And through 10 years she has only five hundred dollars left.
History of lotteries in the USA
The history of lotteries in America actually began before the creation of the United States as an independent state.. IN 1612 year, a lottery was held to finance the 1st colony on the territory of the modern United States and in several years it raised enough money for the stated purpose. Throughout American history, lotteries have funded various social, military and other important tasks. At the same time, due to insufficient state control, lottery, which were in private hands, ceased to suit the population due to the numerous facts of fraud during the circulation (similar situation, in our opinion, it is developing in modern Russia. Read more in the article lottery fraud). Eventually, individual states, a, subsequently, the US federal authorities with 1892 to 1900 year completely banning lotteries at the legislative level.
About modern American lotteries read the article American lotteries.
History of lotteries in Russia and the USSR
Like many other innovations, lotteries appeared in Russia during the time of Peter the Great.
The first state lottery was established by Catherine II. She issued a lottery decree, funds from which were intended for the wounded military personnel. Need to say, that the ticket was expensive, and participate in the lottery, respectively, only wealthy people could.
Subsequently, lotteries in Russia were carried out mainly by various charitable organizers. But there were also state editions, of which two are known – 1892 years to help from crop failure and 1914 years in support of war victims.
Lotteries in the USSR
Since the communists who came to power, money as a relic of the past should soon disappear, then gambling should be prohibited. What was done in 1918 year by separate decree. However, already in 1921 year, the lottery was returned as a way to quickly consolidate funds for urgent needs - aid to the hungry and victims of the civil war.
Eventually, in the USSR, state lotteries were received from the very beginning of the state's existence.
Already in the 50s of the last century, Soviet lotteries began to officially deduct a percentage of funds to the budget. The winnings could be quite large: apartments, cars, motorcycles, Appliances. For the biggest winnings in lottery history, see the article Big jackpots. Besides, there were also relatively small prizes - bicycles, radios, cameras, hours and small sums of money. Sometimes lottery tickets were distributed "voluntarily-compulsorily" - as a burden to purchase, "For change", as part of wages. Lotteries were distributed by trade union and party officials, komsomol. Actually, the same habits have remained with some government offices to this day. So, Russian Railways forces conductors to distribute their lottery tickets on trains, and they do it quite intrusively.
Expressions from the movie The Diamond Arm became winged: "Who will take a pack of tickets, he will receive… water pump », "But if they don't take it, we will turn off the gas". Then "Sportloto" appeared and sitting in front of the TV, the country was waiting in suspense for the draws.
About sportloto in its modern form and other Russian lotteries, read the article Russian lotteries.
