History
Books of the early period of printing of the 15th-16th centuries, so-called incunabula, usually had a circulation up to 500 copies. Circulation of the first Russian book, "Apostle" 1564 of the year, defined in different ways - from 600 to 2000 copies. In the 17th century, the standard circulation of Russian books was established in 1200 copies (one hundred dozen, t. n. "output"). Many popular publications have exceeded this number., for example, "Azbuka" Burtsov 1634 of the year came out in a huge circulation of 6000 copies. Despite the general development of the printing business, the circulation of books remained low until the 1880s - 1200 or 2400 copies.
Circulation of periodicals (magazines, almanacs, newspapers) were also insignificant. The average circulation of the magazine at the beginning of the 19th century was 500 copies, just some magazines, such as "Library for reading", "Northern Bee" or "Notes of the Fatherland", reached records of 3-5 thousand. In the second half of the 19th century, circulation gradually increased: the average circulation of a thick magazine was 3-5 thousand. copies, thin - to 50 thous., newspapers - to 25 thousand. By this period, book supplements to magazines became the main popularizers of literature., whose circulation, such as "Rodina", reached to 120 thousand.
The circulation of the first Russian newspaper Vedomosti ranged from 30 to 4000 copies. By the 1890s, the circulation of individual newspapers reached 50-70 thousand. copies, after the 1905-1907 revolution, newspaper circulation increased even more, reaching the western European level.
